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EU Proposal: Digital Goods Must Be Resellable

Author : Nicholas Dec 26,2024

欧盟法院裁定:可转售已下载游戏

欧盟法院判决,消费者可以合法转售先前购买和下载的游戏和软件,即使存在最终用户许可协议 (EULA)。让我们进一步了解详情。

欧盟法院批准转售可下载游戏

版权耗尽原则及版权界限

Steam、GOG及其他平台必须允许在欧盟转售已下载游戏欧盟法院宣布,消费者可以合法转售先前购买并玩过的可下载游戏和软件。这一决定源于软件经销商 UsedSoft 与开发商 Oracle 在德国法院之间的一场法律诉讼。

法院确立的原则是发行权的耗尽(版权耗尽原则₁)。这意味着,当版权持有人出售一份副本并授予客户无限期使用该副本的权利时,发行权即告耗尽,允许转售。

这一决定适用于欧盟成员国的消费者,涵盖通过 Steam、GOG 和 Epic Games 等平台获得的游戏。最初的购买者有权出售游戏许可证,允许其他人(“买方”)从发行商的网站下载游戏。

判决书写道:“一项许可协议赋予客户无限期使用该副本的权利,该权利持有人将该副本出售给客户,从而耗尽其独家发行权……因此,即使许可协议禁止进一步转让,权利持有人也不能再反对转售该副本。”

实际上,流程可能如下:最初的买方提供游戏许可证的代码,在出售/转售时放弃访问权限。然而,缺乏明确的市场或此类交易系统会带来复杂性,并且仍然遗留许多问题。

例如,关于注册转移如何进行的问题。例如,实体副本仍将注册在原始所有者的帐户下。

(1) “版权耗尽原则限制了版权所有者控制其作品分发的普遍权利。一旦在版权持有人的同意下出售了作品的副本,则该权利即被认为‘耗尽’——这意味着购买者可以自由转售该副本,并且权利所有者无权反对。”(来自 Lexology.com)

转售者在转售后无法访问或玩游戏

Steam、GOG及其他平台必须允许在欧盟转售已下载游戏发行商会在用户协议中加入不可转让条款,但该裁决否决了欧盟成员国中的此类限制。虽然消费者获得了转售的权利,但限制在于出售数字游戏的人不能继续玩它。

欧盟法院指出:“获得计算机程序有形或无形副本的原始获得者,其版权持有者的发行权已告耗尽,必须在转售时使其下载到自己计算机上的副本不可用。如果他继续使用它,他将侵犯版权持有者对其计算机程序的独家复制权。”

允许为程序使用而进行必要的副本复制

Steam、GOG及其他平台必须允许在欧盟转售已下载游戏关于复制权,法院澄清说,虽然独家发行权已告耗尽,但独家复制权仍然存在,但它“受合法获得者使用所需复制的限制”。这些规则还允许制作使用程序所需的目的副本,并且任何合同都不能阻止这一点。

“在这种情况下,法院的答复是,任何随后获得副本的获得者,其版权持有者的发行权已告耗尽,都构成此类合法获得者。因此,他可以将第一获得者卖给他的副本下载到他的计算机上。这种下载必须被视为对计算机程序的复制,这是使新获得者能够根据其预期目的使用该程序所必需的。”(来自《欧盟版权法:评论》(艾加知识产权法系列评论)第二版)

对备份副本销售的限制

Steam、GOG及其他平台必须允许在欧盟转售已下载游戏值得注意的是,法院裁定不得转售备份副本。合法获得者被限制转售计算机程序的备份副本。

“计算机程序的合法获得者不能转售程序的备份副本。”这是欧盟法院 (CJEU) 在 Aleksandrs Ranks & Jurijs Vasilevics v. Microsoft Corp. 案件中的说法。

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